Θ Sense BIO Realms Δ 24th of February 2017 Ω 8:56 AM

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~ Cities

Cities

Heat island effect
ξ a term that refers to higher temperatures and air pollution in urban areas
ξ is caused by the structures within the urban areas themselves
ξ urban areas are much warmer than surrounding rural areas
ξ they can be viewed as lonely islands filled with oppressive heat and extreme pollution
ξ buildings, concrete, lack of soil � all these things contribute to the heat island effect

Trees to combat the harmful environmental effects in Cities
ξ introducing more vegetation, like trees, into urban environments helps
ξ from basic shade refuge to cleaner air to the reduction of energy costs
ξ trees in urban areas diminish heat by providing shade
ξ shaded areas can be up to 20-45 degrees cooler than areas that lack shade
ξ extreme temperature discrepancy between shaded and non-shaded areas plays a huge part in the need for higher energy costs
ξ strategically planting trees around non-shaded buildings helps reduce the need for air conditioning
ξ lower energy costs means fewer pollutants and greenhouse gas emissions
ξ shade plays a role in maintaining healthy air quality in addition to keeping people cool

The process of evapotranspiration by trees
ξ evapotranspiration occurs when trees transpire
ξ trees transpire water to cool themselves much the way humans sweat to cool off
ξ when the transpired water evaporates, the area surrounding the tree cools as well
ξ evapotranspiration and shade can help to lessen peak summer temperatures by 2 to 9 degrees

Trees vlearing the air of pollutants
ξ trees absorb harmful pollutants like nitrogen oxide, nitrogen dioxide, and sulfur dioxide,
ξ while simultaneously releasing oxygen into the environment
ξ the leaves of trees "breathe in" the bad stuff and "breathe out" what we need

Trees controlling water quality in citgies
ξ trees and surrounding soil act as a natural water purifier
ξ because they act as a sort of filtration system
ξ rainwater is absorbed by the trees and is naturally filtered through the soil,
ξ meaning less water filtration is required in areas in trees than in areas without them
ξ planting trees in urban environments also helps reduce water runoff created by storms

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