Solar Energy of Germany Sensing Δ 11th of January 2014 Ω 11:25 AM

ΞΞΞΞΞΞΞΞΞΞΞΞΞΞΞΞΞΞΞΞΞΞΞΞΞΞΞΞΞΞΞΞΞΞΞΞΞΞΞΞΞΞΞΞΞΞΞΞΞΞΞΞΞΞΞΞΞΞΞΞΞΞΞΞΞΞΞΞΞΞΞΞΞΞΞΞΞΞΞΞΞΞΞΞΞΞΞΞΞΞΞΞΞΞΞΞΞΞΞΞΞΞΞΞΞΞΞΞΞΞΞΞΞ
~ Bielefeld University ~ Karlsruhe Universität ~ Westfälische Wilhems-Universität	~ Prof. Dr. Olaf Kruse ~ Prof. Dr.Ing. Clemens Posten ~ Prof. Dr. Michael Hippler	~ Osram (Siemens, Nokia) ~ SolarWorld ~ sense for Ξ
~ sense for Ξ ~ Lahmeyer International ~ M+W Zander	~ MAN Ferrostaal ~ SCHOTT solar ~ Sinosol	~ SMA Solar Technology ~ Solar Power Group GmbH ~ Linde Group
~ Vogt Group ~ Fraunhofer ~ sense for Ξ	~ sense for Ξ ~ sense for Ξ ~ sense for Ξ	~ sense for Ξ ~ sense for Ξ ~ sense for Ξ
~ sense for Ξ ~ sense for Ξ ~ sense for Ξ	~ sense for Ξ ~ sense for Ξ ~ sense for Ξ
«Solar Energy Sensing	Θ	Θ
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~ Bielefeld University

»Bielefeld University

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~ Karlsruhe Universität

»Universität Karlsruhe

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~ Westfälische Wilhems-Universität

»Westfälische Wilhems-Universität

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~ Prof. Dr. Olaf Kruse

Prof. Dr. Olaf Kruse

RESEARCH FOCUS
ξ in current biotechnology research, microalgae play a critical role for the production of food, chemical and fuels
ξ they are used as important catalysts for bio-degradation approaches
ξ their biomass is converted to pharmaceutical products
ξ microalgae are the most promising organisms for conversion of solar energy into CO2-neutral biofuels such as biodiesel and biomethane
ξ certain green algae, such as C. reinhardtii, have evolved the additional ability to convert solar energy into H2 derived from water splitting
ξ his research is based on recently-constructed high-H2 production C. reinhardtii mutants Stm6 and Stm6glc4 (Patent No. 2003903453)
ξ these mutants have conversion efficiences of more than 1% and gas purities which have been shown to be sufficient to power a small-scale fuel cell without further purification

Bio-H2 Project
ξ aims to use molecular tools to improve biomass production with unicellular microalgae
ξ in order to develop a competitive solar-powered H2 production system, based on engineered cells
ξ high-H2 production C. reinhardtii mutants Stm6 and Stm6glc4 are used for systematic analysis of solar-driven H2 production pathways (Systems Biotechnology)
ξ and their H2 production capacities will be further optimized through parallel bioengineering-driven approaches
ξ integrate advances based on parallel research steams being conducted in the laboratory in colalboration with the consortium partners
ξ in Australia, the UK and Germany,
ξ with the specific aim to combine solar-driven biomass and
ξ bio-H2 production with the technical development of an economically-profitable algal photo-bioreactor

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~ Prof. Dr.Ing. Clemens Posten

Prof. Dr.Ing. Clemens Posten

Photobiotechnological Hydrogen Production with Microalgae
ξ certain unicellular green algae and cyanobacteria have evolved the ability to use solar energy to produce H2 from water
ξ the solar conversion efficiency can be high, but only for transient period, owing to yet-incompletely understood mechanisms
ξ these will need to be optimised to reach commercial viability
ξ further fundamental improvement will only be achieved through parallel interlocked biotechnology and
ξ engineering-driven approaches, in which algal bioengineering is closely connected to the construction of bioreactors optimised
ξ for the relevant physiological and technical parameters that are needed for the production process
ξ the basis for the biological component of such a strategy is the availability of the high-H2 production Chlamydomonas reinhardtii mutant Stm6

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~ Prof. Dr. Michael Hippler

Prof. Dr. Michael Hippler

Functional proteomics and reverse genetics to elucidate hydrogen production in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
ξ due to the rapid depletion of global oil supplies and
ξ the current environmental concerns regarding increased CO2 levels and climate change,
ξ there is a considerable amount of interest in devising an efficient, economical, and zero CO2 emission fuel
ξ to provide clean energy for the future
ξ one promising energy source is hydrogen,
ξ which can be produced by photosynthetic organisms such as cyanobacteria and microalgae
ξ in addition to the potential large-scale production of hydrogen using microorganisms,
ξ hydrogen is an especially attractive renewable energy source
ξ because the combustion of hydrogen produces only H2O as a byproduct

An attractive candidate for hydrogen production is the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
ξ under specific conditions, C. reinhardtii can produce H2 catalyzed by hydrogenase
ξ detailed studies of H2 photoproduction have been done on C. reinhardtii and,
ξ compared to Cyanobacteria, C. reinhardtii has a more efficient hydrogen-producing enzyme
ξ a disadvantage of C. reinhardtii H2 photoproduction is the extreme sensitivity of the hydrogenase to oxygen
ξ however, by understanding the mechanism in hydrogen production,
ξ there is optimism that the pathway can be manipulated or engineered in such a way to overcome this limitation

Approaches
(i) a discovery-driven approach
ξ motivated by the necessity for further characterization of protein networks
ξ will combine comparative quantitative proteomics and molecular biology techniques
ξ to elucidate the key proteins involved in anaerobiosis and hydrogen production
ξ the advantage of this approach is that, since it will be an unbiased survey of all the proteins involved,
ξ new knowledge of the system is guaranteed

(ii) a hypothesis-driven approach
ξ based on the current understanding of the system
ξ will concentrate on the structure-function relationship of hydrogenase in the chloroplast

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~ Osram (Siemens, Nokia)

»Eco-friendly Off Grid lighting for developing countries
ξ On Lake Victoria in Kenya OSRAM has launched a unique project for producing light away from a permanent power supply.
ξ At a specially constructed solar station (OSRAM Energy Hub) the local people can recharge batteries for energy-saving lamps, luminaires and
ξ other electrical appliances, such as mobile phones (Nokia), at low cost and without damaging the environment
ξ Off Grid solutions are the way forward for developing and emerging countries that cannot afford to set up a permanent power supply network.
ξ The market is huge. 1.6 billion people throughout the world live without electricity.
ξ "OSRAM is a pioneer in the field of Off Grid solutions.
ξ We are proud to be the first lighting manufacturer in the world to offer a sustainable lighting solution for regions without power supply networks",
ξ said Dr. Kurt Gerl, CSO of OSRAM GmbH at a press conference in Nairobi.

Location
ξ Around Lake Victoria there are approximately 30 million people do not have access to a permanent power supply.
ξ They produce light by burning kerosene, which is not only harmful to their health, it also places a huge burden on the environment.
ξ Burning kerosene to produce light emits 67 million tonnes of CO2 each year in Africa
ξ - that is approximately equivalent to the annual CO2 emissions of Finland.
ξ Globally 190 million tonnes of CO2 are emitted each year.
ξ "OSRAM's solar station, the OSRAM Energy Hub, is a concept that can be replicated anywhere in the world.
ξ We're supporting the local economy in the region, the local population, and reducing CO2 emissions,"
ξ says Wolfgang Gregor, project leader Off Grid and Chief Sustainability Officer at OSRAM.

Sustainable development in the region
ξ The pilot project in Mbita provides an excellent basis for successful implementation of the Off Grid concept.
ξ This small town on the banks of Lake Victoria does not have a permanent power supply,
ξ but does have a thriving economy based on fishing.
ξ Around 175,000 fishermen use kerosene lamps every night to entice the fish.
ξ For the fishermen in Mbita, switching over to solar powered "O-LAMP BASIC" or "O-LAMP 2 in 1" energysaving lamps will pay for itself in just four weeks
ξ as the cost of kerosene takes up more than half of their income.
ξ At the same time, jobs are being created at the Energy Hubs.
ξ Local training courses for operating and sales staff have already begun.
ξ A micro-financing system organized by the local NGO, OSIENALA, is in place to finance the lamps and the deposit.

Three further Energy Hubs in Kenya and Uganda about to open
ξ The OSRAM Energy Hub in Mbita was built in just four months following a year of planning.
ξ The other collaborators are Solarworld AG and the cell phone manufacturer Nokia.
ξ The pilot energy hubs have water treatment systems with integrated UV lamps of OSRAM at theirs disposal.
ξ The goal is to cooperate with Siemens to provide water treatment systems after the pilot trial.
ξ OSRAM teams are working on three further Energy Hubs in Kenya and Uganda which will be opened in the next few months.
ξ In addition, the building of a new energy hub in India will be assessed.

OSRAM Off Grid lamps for light away from a permanent power supply
ξ The "O-LAMP BASIC" and "O-LAMP 2 in 1" products for the Off Grid project are particularly robust, watertight and much more cost-effective
ξ than the kerosene lamps currently being used.
ξ The "OSRAM O-LAMP BASIC" operates in combination with an external battery box
ξ which can be taken back to the nearest Energy Hub as soon as it is discharged and exchanged for a fully charged battery.
ξ Users pay a deposit for the box.
ξ Other low-power devices such as radios and mobile phones can also be connected to this battery box (O-BOX) and run or recharged.
ξ There are also complete luminaires such as the "OSRAM O-LAMP 2-in-1" which comprises an energy-saving lamp and LED.
ξ It has an integrated battery and is recharged or exchanged at the Energy Hub as a separate unit.

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~ SolarWorld

»SolarWorld

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~ Lahmeyer International

»Lahmeyer International
ξ an independent consulting engineering company

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~ M+W Zander

»M+W Zander

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~ MAN Ferrostaal

»MAN Ferrostaal
ξ supplies industrial services for the construction of large-scale industrial plants and machine supply
ξ a general contractor for plant construction
ξ offers project development, project management and financing solutions for turnkey plants
ξ in the areas of solar thermal power plants as well as biofuels, petrochemical and industrial plants
ξ develops biofuel projects which are financially viable and profitable in the long term
ξ integrates the relevant market participants as partners in a project company
ξ enables the power of the sun to be utilized in large solar thermal power plants
ξ with 4,200 employees is represented in more than 60 countries
ξ achieved a turnover of EUR 1.4 billion in 2007

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~ SCHOTT solar

»SCHOTT solar
ξ develops, manufactures and markets highly efficient receivers,
ξ a key component for Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) plants with parabolic trough technology
ξ develops photovoltaic products
ξ with crystalline solar wafers – which are mainly manufactured in joint venture with Wacker Chemie AG –
ξ solar cells, solar power modules and a-Si thin film modules,
ξ SCHOTT Solar provides key components in the value chain for the photovoltaic generation of energy

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~ Sinosol

»Sinosol
ξ is an internationally active provider of photovoltaic systems as well as planner and developer of turnkey solar parks

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~ SMA Solar Technology

»SMA Solar Technology
ξ has been developing and manufacturing technical components for PV systems since 1981
ξ with the award-winning “Sunny Boy” line of inverters, has become the world’s leading inverter manufacturer
ξ also provides convenient solutions for system monitoring with a wide variety of data communication options
ξ is headquartered in Germany with branches in the U.S., Spain, Italy, France, China, Korea, and Greece

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~ Solar Power Group GmbH

»Solar Power Group GmbH
ξ has access to proprietary technology to produce steam in large scale solar thermal power plants for electricity or desalination purposes
ξ similar to the parabolic trough concept, the linear Fresnel approach developed by SPG is a line-focusing system
ξ the horizontal Fresnel collector of SPG is very simple, highly modular and scalable from units of a few mega watts to large scale power plant sizes of 400 MW or bigger
ξ due to the simplicity of the technology the collector field can be built up very economically
ξ technology has been validated by the Fraunhofer Institute ISE,
ξ the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Luft- und Raumfahrt DLR and E-On in several studies
ξ these studies concluded that the linear Fresnel approach offers a significant cost advantage
ξ over the state of the art parabolic trough system with a high potential to further reduce the cost of electricity in the future
ξ companies like Endesa, ABB, BMW and others have recognized the technological advantages and
ξ the perspective for a commercial breakthrough of this concentrating solar technology

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~ Linde Group

»Linde Group

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~ Vogt Group

»Vogt Group

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~ Fraunhofer

Fraunhofer

»Fraunhofer

Black Silicon – Energy from Infrared Light

11 October 2012 was the day when the Tailored Light Pulses project of the Fiber Optical Sensor Systems project group on the EnergieCampus in Goslar
becomes one of Selected Landmarks in the Land of Ideas.

Scientists at the Fraunhofer Heinrich Hertz Institute were honored for their development of a new technique
which improves the light-trapping properties of solar cells.
The new technique uses tailored light pulses in an atmosphere with sulfur to refine silicon – the basic material from which solar cells are made –
into black silicon, thus enabling the infrared band of sunlight to be captured and harnessed for the very first time.

Conventional solar cells only use the visible part of sunlight to turn light into energy.
Yet one third of the total spectrum of sunlight consists of infrared radiation which such conventional cells are incapable of harvesting!
To exploit the infrared band in sunlight, tailored laser pulses were used to roughen the surface of conventional solar cells
while the ultra short light pulses doped the silicon by enriching it with sulfur atoms.

This means that when infrared light hits the surface of black silicon,
it is reflected back and forth between the cone-like protuberances thus created and
can be easily absorbed into the silicon where it reacts with the sulfur atoms and turns into energy.

Fiber optic and photonic measuring systems drive development of innovative concepts of measurement and regulation
while also opening up whole new areas of applied use.
They play a role in the optimization of energy efficiency and serve as a key innovation factor for new and future-oriented markets.

In the Fiber Optical Sensor Systems department at the Fraunhofer Heinrich Hertz Institute
the focus of application-oriented research is squarely on a new generation of photonic sensors.
These are distinguished by extreme miniaturization, high networking and communication capability and
extremely low power consumption or even complete energy self-sufficiency.

The challenges this involves are manifold
- new materials need to be researched and
new processing methods for integrated optical components with ultrashort laser pules need to be developed
along with new concepts for the production of chip based photonic sensors and sensor systems.

The Fiber Optical Sensor Systems department is located on the EnergyCampus in Goslar
close to the Energie-Forschungszentrum Niedersachsen (EFZN) and
the Clausthal University of Technology.

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