Nuclear Sensing of Finland Δ 3rd of January 2014 Ω 6:00 AM

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~ Ministry of Employment and the Economy ~ TVO ~ Posiva	~ Fortum ~ Fennovoima ~ Digital Images	~ VTT Research ~ sense for Ξ ~ sense for Ξ
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~ sense for Ξ ~ sense for Ξ ~ sense for Ξ	~ sense for Ξ ~ sense for Ξ ~ sense for Ξ	ξ ξ ξ
«Nuclear Power Sensing	Θ	Θ
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~ Ministry of Employment and the Economy

»Ministry of Employment and the Economy
~ 25% of electricity is produced using nuclear energy
~ four (4) operating nuclear power stations

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~ TVO

AREVA-Siemens Estimate Olkiluoto 3 to Start Operation in Summer 2011
~ at the Olkiluoto 3 construction site, the turbine building has reached its roof-top height and the first turbine components have arrived in Finland
~ the turbine generator installation expected to commence in April 2008
~ all major buildings at the reactor plant are under construction
~ the total manpower at the construction site has doubled since spring 2007 and is now over 2 600 persons
~ the manufacturing of major components is proceeding to the factory test phase
~ in Japan the assembly of the reactor pressure vessel has been completed
~ the AREVA-Siemens Consortium has informed TVO that the plant unit, which is delivered on a turn-key basis, will be completed in summer 2011
~ the delay of the project expected to cause additional work and costs
~ OL3 project director is Martin Landtman

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~ Posiva

Posiva
~ responsible for the final disposal of spent nuclear fuel of the owners
~ research into final disposal and for other expert nuclear waste management tasks
~ owned by Teollisuuden Voima Oy (60%) and Fortum Power & Heat Oy (40%)
~ two nuclear power plants: one at Olkiluoto (1980/1,720 MW )and the other one at Hästholmen in Loviisa (1977/976 MW) - each with two reactor units
~ the fifth reactor being built at Olkiluoto and will have an output of 1,600 MW
~ together, these four units generated ca. 26% of the 84,9 TWh of electricity consumed in Finland 2005
~ nuclear power accounts ca. for 35% of total electricity generation in the EU
~ the uranium used in reactors comes in the form of small ceramic pellets packed into 3-4 metre-long tubes or rods, ca. 1 cm in diameter
~ rods are bundled into fuel assemblies containing 60-130 rods

~ Act on the Amendment to the Nuclear Energy Act 1420/1994, Section 6a
~ nuclear waste generated in Finland in connection with or as a result of the use of nuclear energy,
~ shall be processed, stored and disposed of in Finland in a permanent manner
~ responsible of nuclear waste management: Teollisuuden Voima Oy (TVO) and Fortum Power and Heat Oy

Onkalo:
~ to be implemented between 2004 and 2011, with the actual characterisation stage pencilled in for 2007-2011
~ expected to cost EUR 60 million
~ after the ONKALO stage, or in the 2010s, a start will be made on building the encapsulation plant and final repository
~ main investigation level -420m, lower investigation level -520m
~ after ONKALO has been completed, investigations and tests to be continued, final disposal estimated to be in 2020

~ the EU can NOT decide on the final disposal of spent nuclear fuel in a Member State against the wishes of that State
~ such a decision would require an amendment to the Treaty, which any Member State could veto
~ Finland does not permit imports of nuclear waste
~ Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA)
~ assists its Member countries in maintaining and further developing, through international co-operation, the scientific, technological and legal bases
~ required for the safe, environmentally friendly and economical use of nuclear energy for peaceful purposes

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~ Fortum

»Fortum
~ the 8 TWh production limit exceeded at Loviisa power plant, unit 2 reached an all time high with over 4 TWh
~ the combined capacity factor for the power plant 95.4%
~ in 2007, the Council of State granted new operating licenses to both units until they turn 50
~ Loviisa 1 at the end of the year 2027 and Loviisa 2 at the end of the year 2030
~ the amount of electricity produced in 2007 by the Loviisa power plant equals the annual consumption of ca. 400,000 detached houses with electric heating
~ the annual carbon dioxide emissions 6 million tons lower due to the electricity produced in Loviisa

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~ Fennovoima

»Fennovoima
~ aims at constructing a new 1,500–2,500 MW nuclear power plant in Finland
~ the operation of the plant is scheduled to start during the latter half of the next decade
~ the shareholders are Finnish trade, industry, and service companies, regional and local energy companies, as well as E.ON
~ claims a need for at least 4,000 MW of new base-load generation capacity by 2020 in Finland

»Owners
»E.ON

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~ Digital Images

Digital Images
~ refer as image source TVO/Photograpger or TVO if photographer is missing
~ for example: OL3 14.12.2007 Photo: Hannu Huovila/TVO

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~ VTT Research

»VTT Research

Coal and nuclear energy
ξ electricity generation from nuclear power plants worldwide is projected to increase at an average rate of 1.3 percent per year,
ξ from 2,619 billion kWh in 2004 to 3,619 billion kWh in 2030
ξ nuclear power is declining only in Europe
ξ the role of nuclear power in meeting future electricity demand has been reconsidered more recently,
ξ given concerns about rising fossil fuel prices, energy security, and greenhouse gas emissions
ξ issues related to plant safety, radioactive waste disposal, and the proliferation of nuclear weapons continue to raise public concerns in many countries, may hinder the development of new nuclear power reactors

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